RESUMO
3D printing technologies enable medicine customization adapted to patients' needs. There are several 3D printing techniques available, but majority of dosage forms and medical devices are printed using nozzle-based extrusion, laser-writing systems, and powder binder jetting. 3D printing has been demonstrated for a broad range of applications in development and targeting solid, semi-solid, and locally applied or implanted medicines. 3D-printed solid dosage forms allow the combination of one or more drugs within the same solid dosage form to improve patient compliance, facilitate deglutition, tailor the release profile, or fabricate new medicines for which no dosage form is available. Sustained-release 3D-printed implants, stents, and medical devices have been used mainly for joint replacement therapies, medical prostheses, and cardiovascular applications. Locally applied medicines, such as wound dressing, microneedles, and medicated contact lenses, have also been manufactured using 3D printing techniques. The challenge is to select the 3D printing technique most suitable for each application and the type of pharmaceutical ink that should be developed that possesses the required physicochemical and biological performance. The integration of biopharmaceuticals and nanotechnology-based drugs along with 3D printing ("nanoprinting") brings printed personalized nanomedicines within the most innovative perspectives for the coming years. Continuous manufacturing through the use of 3D-printed microfluidic chips facilitates their translation into clinical practice.
RESUMO
Objetivos: Identificar las complicaciones dermatológicas y los cuidados locales de los tatuajes temporales y permanentes a través de una revisión sistemática. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática aplicando la Declaración PRISMA. La búsqueda se llevó a cabo en 6 bases de datos (PubMed, Cochrane Library, CUIDEN, CINHAL, DARE y LILACS) y dos bases no indexadas (Dermatología Elsevier y Dermatology Online Journal). Se delimitó la búsqueda por idioma (inglés/español) y por año (últimos 10 años). Una vez depurada la base de datos se procedió a la evaluación de la calidad por pares. Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de 583 artículos, de los cuales se eliminaron 86 por duplicado y 379 tras la revisión por título y resumen. Se seleccionaron 118 artículos a texto completo, y una vez evaluada la calidad a través de los criterios propuestos por la Red EQUATOR, 30 artículos presentaron una calidad mediaalta. Finalmente, para su análisis cualitativo se incluyeron un total 22 casos clínicos (informe CARE), 5 estudios observacionales (informe STROBE), 2 ensayos clínicos (informe CONSORT) y una revisión sistemática (informe PRISMA). Conclusiones: Se ha evidenciado la necesidad de actualizar conocimientos orientados al abordaje de los tratamientos y la identificación de las complicaciones relacionadas con los tatuajes basados en evidencias sólidas. El desarrollo de guías de práctica clínica que aborden la detección y la aplicación de tratamientos adecuados a este problema de salud puede ser el primer paso para integrar el manejo de los tatuajes en la cartera de servicios del sistema sanitario, permitiendo conocer la dimensión epidemiológica y los recursos necesarios en atención primaria (AU)
Objectives: To identify dermatological complications and local care of temporary and permanent tattoos through a systematic review. Methods: A systematic review was carried out applying the PRISMA Declaration. The search was carried out in 6 databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, CUIDEN, CINHAL, DARE and LILACS) and two non-indexed databases (Elsevier Dermatology and Dermatology Online Journal). The search was limited by language (English / Spanish) and by year (last 10 years). Once the database was refined, the quality evaluation was carried out in pairs. Results. A total of 583 articles were obtained, of which 86 were removed in duplicate and 379 after review by title and abstract. 118 full-text articles were selected, which, once the quality was evaluated through the criteria proposed by the EQUATOR Network, 30 articles presented a high average quality. Finally, 22 clinical cases (CARE report), 5 observational studies (STROBE report), 2 clinical trials (CONSORT report) and a systematic review (PRISMA report) were included for analysis. Conclusions: There is a need to update knowledge oriented to the treatment approach and the identification of complications related to tattoos based on solid evidence. The development of clinical practice guidelines that address the detection and application of appropriate treatments for this health problem, may be the first step in integrating the management of tattoos into the portfolio of services of the Health System, allowing to know the epidemiological dimension and the necessary resources in Primary Care (AU)
